Glossary · Processes

Infrared laser (1064 nm)

A laser with invisible infrared light at 1064 nm. On hobby machines usually a small add-on module with which you mark metal and plastic.

Explained in more detail

This usually means compact modules with 1064 nm and about 1.5 to 2 W of optical power, sold as an add-on to a diode laser or built into combination machines. They use the same wavelength as fibre lasers but deliver only a fraction of their pulse power. They can mark and anneal stainless steel, brass, titanium and many plastics, but deep engraving or cutting metal is not possible. Because the light is invisible, the machines use a visible pilot beam for positioning. The module needs safety glasses made specifically for 1064 nm.

Where does the term come from?

Infrared literally means "below red", from Latin infra = below. It refers to light with a longer wavelength than visible red (above about 780 nm). 1064 nm is the classic wavelength of neodymium YAG and ytterbium fibre lasers.

In practice

For permanent marking of stainless steel, jewellery tags and tools an IR module is enough, but not for deep engraving.
At 1064 nm the focus is usually very small, and even 0.5 mm of height error noticeably worsens the result.
Glasses for 450 nm do not protect against 1064 nm. Check the marking on the glasses for exactly this wavelength.
On wood and leather the blue diode module works better; the IR module is intended for metal and plastic.

Not to be confused

An infrared module is not a full fibre laser. CO₂ lasers also emit in the infrared, but at 10,600 nm, and therefore work on metal very differently.

Frequently asked questions

What can a 2 W infrared laser do?

It marks stainless steel, brass, silver, titanium and many plastics permanently and can colour stainless steel dark by annealing. It cannot cut or deep-engrave metal.

Is an infrared laser more dangerous than a blue laser?

The light is invisible, so the blink reflex does not respond. Even scattered reflections can damage the retina, and suitable safety glasses for 1064 nm are mandatory.